Annotated Bibliography Animal Testing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1205 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? Annotated Bibliography: Animal Testing Animal testing is one of the most frowned upon scientific experiments around, but the whole world needs this testing to save the human race. There are causes and effects just like any other scientific experiments. The testing of animals helps the human race better understand the way animals react to the cures, and to help find cures for the diseases. There is a lot of discussions if these testings are the right thing to do. More so, if we didnt have it, it could be catastrophic. In detail, the human race needs to have the right information on how and why these studies are performed. So, its more understandable on why these testings are necessary. The media has caused humanity to have negative mindsets. On these experiments conducted to the animals by showing gruesome examples of the animals in the labs. There continues to be strict laws and regulations on the trials that these animals are undertaking. Therefore, the human race will find a more positive outlook on these science experiments. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Annotated Bibliography: Animal Testing" essay for you Create order There have been many major cures found by testing on these animals. In this research there is proof this is positive for the world. There are high percentages of animal testing that are successful and for humanity, this is a huge milestone, and just another step closer to finding the right data that is needed to solve the puzzle of top diseases such as cancer and HIV. Animals testing not only helps society better understand diseases but also how we can withstand radiation. The products that we use such as cleaning supplies, and even the products we use in our showers to see how this can affect us. In conclusion, there are cons on these experiments on how the animals can be mistreated some of the studies are not necessary. Animal testing can be very expensive. There can be quite a few setbacks, like testing on animals for cosmetics. This is not exactly necessary for humanity needs to survive. Scientists need to find a way to find what is necessary and what is not. There needs to be a line drawn. Aziz, Tipu, and John Stein Animal testing: TV or not TV? Two views on whether scientists who believe that animal experimentation is necessary should become public advocates, or work quietly behind the scenes Nature. In this article, it thoroughly discusses the cause and effect on how people view animal testing and how they try to overcome it. More so, on how the media greatly impacts scientist and how the scientist should try their very best to avoid any media attention. The article discusses how hostile it can be to be in the eye of the media as a scientist. Scientist sometimes are not the best at communicating their reasoning for these testings and it comes out negative in the viewers eye, but they also found ways for positive attention on the reasoning behind these experiments that is medically needed for humanity. For these two scientist Tipu Aziz and John Stein in this article, they have many setbacks until they find one leading example that saved their animal research project. In light of being able to finally open the facility that is needed for their medical research. This peer-reviewed article also gives reasoning on what is wrong and what is right, and how dishonorable scientist can cause such a bad name. Furthermore, for the scientist that are actually trying to make a positive breakthrough, it becomes harder for them. Research has been done different alternatives have been searched. The best answer to finding the right vaccines and cures is through animal testing. There is a different alternative such as Tissue culture, but this only shows how the tissues react not how the body reacts. In this article, it proves why the world needs animal testing, and examples experimentation on some of the cures and vaccines. That has been found through animal testing this testing give humans a higher percentage to live longer as said in this article. There are many laws and regulations in place to protect these animals and the USDA actively makes sure these laws are being followed. In this research, they have found Mini Pigs can make a breakthrough in Drug and chemical safety. A domestic pigs anatomy is very similar as to a human. Such as our skin and digestive tract. In this research, they are wanting to reconsider the choice of animals as the mini pig the first choice. Scientist already has much knowledge about domestic pigs which make the mini perfect for experiments. Mini pigs also mature very quickly. Using the mini pig will better help understand animal models. In these new experiments with mini pigs, this will not only be positive for researchers on finding more drugs and chemical for humans this will also be helpful for animal producers. In summary, it provides proof of leading examples of what can happen when we dont use animal analysis. There can be many deaths and deformities when drugs are not first tested on animals. This article explains why it is very necessary to have these testing in place. Not only testing on animals this can also help us better understand diseases and drugs, but it also helps understand the way the human body works. Also, how centuries ago we first tested surgical procedures on animals before testing on humans. This article gives facts on how long these animal experimentations have been around and why we need them. In Space research, they need to study on animals to know how they react to radiation and gravity also how their bones and muscles react. In this research, the NASA program had to first study on animals before humans could go into space. With these experiments, we can better understand how the body reacts in space and if its safe to travel as humans. NASA still uses these experiments today so they can know how far they can travel safely. Without this research, it could be very dangerous for humans to know if it is possible to go into space, and what safety precaution that needs to be used. Animal testing helps the world know a lot of what we can and cannot do and helps the world figure out the answers. Lorna Collier a journalist questions David Jentech a scientist who mainly focuses on the cells and circuits in the brain. In this questioning, it explains what scientist that test on animals go through every single day. A lot of animal protestors threaten scientist to where the scientist must hire a bodyguard because the protestors can be so brutal. In this article it explains why we test on rodents, rodents have similar brain as to humans. This experimentation on these rodents help us better understand the brain and how to cure brain issues. Through this research they have saved many of humans lives that is why David hasnt gave up on this research he explains. Scientist want the protestors to better understand what they are doing to save the human race. Instead the protestors can hurt the scientist in many ways. There needs to be more laws in every state on how far these protestors can go.

Essay on Creon as the Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone

Creon as the Tragic Hero in Antigone This essay will compare two of the characters in â€Å"Antigone†, Antigone and Creon, in an effort to determine the identity of the tragic hero in this tale. To identify the tragic hero in Sophocles’ renowned play â€Å"Antigone†, we should first consider both the elements present in Greek tragedies and what characteristics define a tragic hero. Aristotle’s definition of tragedy is: â€Å"Tragedy is a story taking the hero from happiness to misery because of a fatal flaw or mistake on his part. To be a true tragic hero he must also elicit a strong emotional response of pity and fear from the audience. This is known as catharsis or purging of emotion.† In most cases the tragic hero begins†¦show more content†¦This illustrates that although she begins the play in misery she continues to suffer throughout the play. Antigone has a possible flaw in that she is too stubborn and persistent to obey Creon’s order; â€Å"I know my duty, where true duty lies† (Antigone, 128). Her punishment then encourages feelings of pity from the audience because her deed was honorable and respectful towards her brother Polynices. The chorus supports this view by bidding her a respectful farewell when she is taken away, â€Å"But glory and praise go with you lady† (Antigone, 148). Antigone is also very proud, and this may have contributed to her death. Even when she is caught she remains strong and defends herself by claiming that the chorus thinks that her act was honorable, â€Å"All these would say that what I did was honorable† (Antigone, 139). This causes Creon to remain angry with Antigone, â€Å"you are wrong, none of my subjects think as you do† (Antigone, 140). If she had been more patient and less defensive, Creon may not have been as harsh in the punishment he set for her . Creon, who received the throne after the banishment of Oedipus, begins â€Å"Antigone† with high status as the king of Thebes. He is fortunate to be honored as Thebes’ appointed king during her triumph over the army of Polynices, â€Å"Creon, son of Menoeceus, Whom the gods have appointed for us in our recent change of fortune† (Antigone, 130). AfterShow MoreRelated Creon as Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone Essay593 Words   |  3 PagesCreon as Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone There has always been a bit of confusion as to the tragic hero of the Greek Drama Antigone. Many assume that simply because the play is named for Antigone, that she is the tragic hero. However, evidence supports that Creon, and not Antigone, is the tragic hero of the play. Examining the factors that create a Greek Tragedy, and a tragic character, it is clear that the tragic hero is in fact Creon. First, take into account the timeframe in whichRead MoreEssay on Creon as the Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone997 Words   |  4 PagesCreon as the Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Who is the true tragic hero in Sophocles Antigone?   This question has been the subject of a great debate for numerous years.   Equal arguments exist that portray Antigone as the tragic heroine in the play and Creon as the tragic hero.   Aristotle, in his study of Greek drama entitled Poetics, provided the framework that determines the tragic hero of a work.   Though Antigone definitely possesses the characteristics and qualities thatRead More Creon is the Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Essay627 Words   |  3 Pages Creon is the Tragic Hero of Antigone nbsp; When the title of a play is a characters name, it is normally assumed that the character is the protagonist of the play. In Sophocles Antigone, most people probably believe Antigone to be the tragic heroine, even after they have finished watching the play. It may be argued, however, that Creon, not Antigone, is the tragic character. When we examine the nature and concept of the Greek Tragedy and what it means to be a tragic character, it becomesRead More Creon As Tragic Hero of Sophocles’ Antigone Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesCreon As Tragic Hero of Sophocles’ Antigone Since the play’s inception, there has always existed a contention concerning the true hero of Sophocles’ Antigone. It is a widely held belief that Antigone must be the main character simply because she and the drama share name. This is, of course, a very logical assumption. Certainly Sophocles must have at least meant her to be viewed as the protagonist, else he would not have given her the play’s title. Analytically speaking, however, Creon doesRead MoreEssay on Creon As The Tragic Hero Of Antigone by Sophocles781 Words   |  4 PagesCreon As The Tragic Hero Of Antigone by Sophocles Greek tragedy would not be complete with out a tragic hero. Sophocles wrote Antigone with a specific character in mind for this part. Based on Aristotle’s definition, Creon is the tragic hero of Antigone. Creon fits Aristotle’s tragic hero traits as a significant person who is faced with difficult decisions. Creon is significant because he is king. This makes him both renowned and prosperous. Creon is not completely good nor completely bad;Read MoreEssay on Creon The Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone723 Words   |  3 PagesCreon The Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone Every Greek tragedy must have a tragic hero. In Sophocle’s play, Antigone, the most tragic hero is Creon. He is an essentially good man of high position who takes pride in his role as king. He possesses the tragic flaws of excessive pride and an oversized ego. This causes the tragic reversal that leads to his emotional ruin and eventual remorse and repentance. As King of Thebes, Creon is forced to make difficult decisions. As a new ruler, he feelsRead MoreEssay about The Tragic Hero Creon in Antigone by Sophocles818 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play, Antigone by Sophocles, at first glance readers assume that Antigone is the tragic hero. However, this is not the case. Although Antigone does display some characteristics of a tragic hero, I believe that Creon is the true tragic hero. For many readers, it may be a challenge to see Creon as the tragic hero; however, when you take a second look at the play, you can see that Creon displays every quality of a tragic hero. Creon’s power and pride as well as going against the gods all leadRead More Creon as the Ideal Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone Essay1908 Words   |  8 PagesCreon as the Ideal Tragic Hero of Antigone Tragedy always involves human suffering, but not everyone who suffers is a Tragic Hero. According to Aristotle, there are five basic criteria that must be met for a character to be considered a Tragic Hero. Aristotle’s ideas about tragedy were recorded in his book of literacy theory titled Poetics. In it he has a great deal to say about the structure, purpose and intended effect of tragedy. His ideas have been adopted, disputed, expanded, and discussedRead MoreEssay about Creon Defines the Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone762 Words   |  4 PagesAntigone - Creon Defines the Tragic Hero   Ã‚   Antigone, written by Sophocles is a tale of a tragic hero who suffers with the recognition and realization of his tragic flaw. Although this short story is titled after Antigone, Creon is the main character and he provides the moral significance in the play. First, Creon withholds the respect of his citizens but it is clear to them he is not perfect through his pride (tragic flaw). Secondly, his radical reversal of fortune is made clear afterRead MoreEssay about The True Tragic Hero of Creon in Sophocles Antigone1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe True Tragic Hero of Creon in Sophocles Antigone There has always been a great debate over who is the true tragic hero in Sophocles Antigone. Many scholars would stake claim to Antigone possessing all the necessary characteristics of a true tragic hero, but many others would argue that Creon holds many qualities as well. It is hard to discount Antigone as a tragic hero, because in fact, the play bears her name, but from careful reading, Creon meets Aristotles criteria exactly and fits

Part Seven Chapter 1 Free Essays

string(283) " needle and the flame had had no transformative effect upon Krystal’s reputation; on the contrary, they had fixed her permanently in the mind of Old Pagford as a soulless creature whose pursuit of what the elderly liked to call kicks had led to the death of an innocent child\." Relief of Poverty †¦ 13.5 Gifts to benefit the poor †¦ are charitable, and a gift for the poor is charitable even if it happens incidentally to benefit the rich †¦ Charles Arnold-Baker Local Council Administration, Seventh Edition Nearly three weeks after the sirens had wailed through sleepy Pagford, on a sunny morning in April, Shirley Mollison stood alone in her bedroom, squinting at her reflection in the mirrored wardrobe. She was making final adjustments to her dress before her now-daily drive to South West General. We will write a custom essay sample on Part Seven Chapter 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The belt buckle slid up a hole tighter than it had done a fortnight ago, her silver hair was in need of a trim and her grimace against the sunshine blazing into the room could have been a simple expression of her mood. When Miles accompanied her to the hospital, she could let him do all the talking to Howard, which he did, keeping up a steady monologue of Pagford news. She felt so much better – both more visible and more protected – with tall Miles walking beside her down the chilly corridors. He chatted genially to the nurses, and handed her in and out of the car, and restored to her the sense of being a rare creature, worthy of care and protection. But Miles could not come every day, and to Shirley’s profound irritation he kept deputizing Samantha to accompany her. This was not the same thing at all, even though Samantha was one of the few who managed to bring a smile to Howard’s purple vacant face. Nobody seemed to realize how dreadful the silence was at home either. When the doctors had told the family that recuperation would take months, Shirley had hoped that Miles would ask her to move into the spare room of the big house in Church Row, or that he might stay over, from time to time, in the bungalow. But no: she had been left alone, quite alone, except for a painful three-day period when she had played hostess to Pat and Melly. I’d never have done it, she reassured herself, automatically, in the silent night, when she could not sleep. I never really meant to. I was just upset. I’d never have done it. She had buried Andrew’s EpiPen in the soft earth beneath the bird table in the garden, like a tiny corpse. She did not like knowing it was there. Some dark evening soon, the night before refuse-collection day, she would dig it up again and slip it into a neighbour’s bin. Howard had not mentioned the needle to her or to anyone. He had not asked her why she had run away when she saw him. Shirley found relief in long rattling streams of invective, directed at the people who had, in her stated opinion, caused the catastrophe that had fallen on her family. Parminder Jawanda was the first of these, naturally, for her callous refusal to attend Howard. Then there were the two teenagers who, through their vile irresponsibility, had diverted the ambulance that might have reached Howard sooner. The latter argument was perhaps a little weak, but it was the enjoyable fashion to denigrate Stuart Wall and Krystal Weedon, and Shirley found plenty of willing listeners in her immediate circle. What was more, it had transpired that the Wall boy had been the Ghost of Barry Fairbrother all along. He had confessed to his parents, and they had personally telephoned the victims of the boy’s spite to apologize. The Ghost’s identity had leaked swiftly into the wider community, and this, coupled with the knowledge that he had been jointly responsible for the drowning of a three-year-old child, made abuse of Stuart both a duty and a pleasure. Shirley was more vehement in her comments than anybody. There was a savagery in her denunciations, each of them a little exorcism of the kinship and admiration she had felt for the Ghost, and a repudiation of that awful last post which nobody else, as yet, had admitted to seeing. The Walls had not telephoned Shirley to apologize, but she was constantly primed, in case the boy should mention it to his parents, or in case anybody should bring it up, to deliver a final crushing blow to Stuart’s reputation. ‘Oh yes, Howard and I know all about it,’ she planned to say, with icy dignity, ‘and it’s my belief that the shock caused his heart attack.’ She had actually practised saying this aloud in the kitchen. The question of whether Stuart Wall had really known something about her husband and Maureen was less urgent now, because Howard was patently incapable of shaming her in that way again, and perhaps never would be, and nobody seemed to be gossiping. And if the silence she offered Howard, when she was unavoidably alone with him, was tinged with a sense of grievance on both sides, she was able to face the prospect of his protracted incapacitation and absence from the house with more equanimity than she might have thought possible three weeks previously. The doorbell rang and Shirley hurried to open it. Maureen was there, hobbling on ill-advised high heels, garish in bright aquamarine. ‘Hello, dear, come in,’ said Shirley. ‘I’ll get my bag.’ ‘They’re saying people got up a collection,’ said Maureen, brimful of gossip that Shirley had somehow missed, in her endless back and forward trips to the hospital. ‘Don’t ask me who. Anyway, I wouldn’t have thought the family would want it right by the river, would you?’ (The dirty and foul-mouthed little boy, of whose existence few had been aware, and of whom nobody but his mother and sister had been especially fond, had undergone such a transformation in Pagford’s collective mind by his drowning, that he was spoken of everywhere as a water baby, a cherub, a pure and gentle angel whom all would have embraced with love and compassion, if only they could have saved him. But the needle and the flame had had no transformative effect upon Krystal’s reputation; on the contrary, they had fixed her permanently in the mind of Old Pagford as a soulless creature whose pursuit of what the elderly liked to call kicks had led to the death of an innocent child. You read "Part Seven Chapter 1" in category "Essay examples") Shirley was pulling on her coat. ‘You realize, I actually saw them that day?’ she said, her cheeks turning pink. ‘The boy bawling by one clump of bushes, and Krystal Weedon and Stuart Wall in another – ‘ ‘Did you? And were they really †¦?’ asked Maureen avidly. ‘Oh yes,’ said Shirley. ‘Broad daylight. Open air. And the boy was right by the river when I saw him. A couple of steps and he’d have been in.’ Something in Maureen’s expression stung her. ‘I was hurrying,’ said Shirley with asperity, ‘because Howard had said he was feeling poorly and I was worried sick. I didn’t want to go out at all, but Miles and Samantha had sent Lexie over – I think, if you want my honest opinion, they’d had a row – and then Lexie wanted to visit the cafe – I was absolutely distracted, and all I could think was, I must get back to Howard †¦ I didn’t actually realize what I’d seen until much later †¦ and the dreadful thing,’ said Shirley, her colour higher than ever, and returning again to her favourite refrain, ‘is that if Krystal Weedon hadn’t let that child wander off while she was having her fun in the bushes, the ambulance would have reached Howard so much more quickly. Because, you know, with two of them coming †¦ things got confu – ‘ ‘That’s right,’ said Maureen, interrupting as they moved out towards the car, because she had heard all this before. ‘You know, I can’t think why they’re having the service here in Pagford †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ She longed to suggest that they drive past the church on the way to the hospital – she had a craving to see what the Weedon family looked like en masse, and to glimpse, perhaps, that degenerate junkie mother – but could think of no way to frame the request. ‘You know, there’s one comfort, Shirley,’ she said, as they set off for the bypass. ‘The Fields are as good as gone. That must be a comfort to Howard. Even if he can’t attend council for a while, he got that done.’ Andrew Price was speeding down the steep hill from Hilltop House, with the sun hot on his back and the wind in his hair. His week-old shiner had turned yellow and green, and looked, if possible, even worse than it had when he had turned up at school with his eye almost closed. Andrew had told the teachers who enquired that he had fallen off his bike. It was now the Easter holidays, and Gaia had texted Andrew the previous evening to ask whether he would be going to Krystal’s funeral the next day. He had sent an immediate ‘yes’, and was now dressed, after much deliberation, in his cleanest jeans and a dark grey shirt, because he did not own a suit. He was not very clear why Gaia was going to the funeral, unless it was to be with Sukhvinder Jawanda, to whom she seemed to cling more fondly than ever, now that she was moving back to London with her mother. ‘Mum says she should never have come to Pagford,’ Gaia had told Andrew and Sukhvinder happily, as the three of them sat on the low wall beside the newsagent’s at lunchtime. ‘She knows Gavin’s a total twat.’ She had given Andrew her mobile number and told him that they would go out together when she came to Reading to see her father, and even mentioned, casually, taking him to see some of her favourite places in London, if he visited. She was showering benefits around her in the manner of a demob-happy soldier, and these promises, made so lightly, gilded the prospect of Andrew’s own move. He had greeted the news that his parents had had an offer on Hilltop House with at least as much excitement as pain. The sweeping turn into Church Row, usually made with an uplift of spirits, dampened them. He could see people moving around in the graveyard, and he wondered what this funeral was going to be like, and for the first time that morning thought of Krystal Weedon in more than the abstract. A memory, long buried in the deepest recesses of his mind, came back to him, of that time in the playground at St Thomas’s, when Fats, in a spirit of disinterested investigation, had handed him a peanut hidden inside a marshmallow †¦ he could still feel his burning throat closing inexorably. He remembered trying to yell, and his knees giving way, and the children all around him, watching with a strange, bloodless interest, and then Krystal Weedon’s raucous scream. ‘Andiprice iz ‘avin’ a ‘lurgycacshun!’ She had run, on her stocky little legs, all the way to the staff room, and the headmaster had snatched Andrew up and sprinted with him to the nearby surgery, where Dr Crawford had administered adrenalin. She was the only one who had remembered the talk that their teacher had given the class, explaining Andrew’s life-threatening condition; the only one to recognize his symptoms. Krystal ought to have been given a gold merit star, and perhaps a certificate at assembly as Pupil of the Week, but the very next day (Andrew remembered it as clearly as his own collapse) she had hit Lexie Mollison so hard in the mouth that she had knocked out two of Lexie’s teeth. He wheeled Simon’s bike carefully into the Walls’ garage, then rang the doorbell with a reluctance that had never been there before. Tessa Wall answered, dressed in her best grey coat. Andrew was annoyed with her; it was down to her that he had a black eye. ‘Come in, Andy,’ said Tessa, and her expression was tense. ‘We’ll just be a minute.’ He waited in the hallway, where the coloured glass over the door cast its paintboxy glow on the floorboards. Tessa marched into the kitchen, and Andrew glimpsed Fats in his black suit, crumpled up in a kitchen chair like a crushed spider, with one arm over his head, as if he were fending off blows. Andrew turned his back. The two boys had had no communication since Andrew had led Tessa to the Cubby Hole. Fats had not been to school for a fortnight. Andrew had sent a couple of texts, but Fats had not replied. His Facebook page remained frozen as it had been on the day of Howard Mollison’s party. A week ago, without warning, Tessa had telephoned the Prices, told them that Fats had admitted to having posted the messages under the name The_Ghost_of_Barry_Fairbrother, and offered her deepest apologies for the consequences they had suffered. ‘So how did he know I had that computer?’ Simon had roared, advancing on Andrew. ‘How did fucking Fats Wall know I did jobs after-hours at the printworks?’ Andrew’s only consolation was that if his father had known the truth, he might have ignored Ruth’s protests and continued to pummel Andrew until he was unconscious. Why Fats had decided to pretend he had authored all the posts, Andrew did not know. Perhaps it was Fats’ ego at work, his determination to be the mastermind, the most destructive, the baddest of them all. Perhaps he had thought he was doing something noble, taking the fall for both of them. Either way, Fats had caused much more trouble than he knew; he had never realized, thought Andrew, waiting in the hall, what it was like to live with a father like Simon Price, safe in his attic room, with his reasonable, civilized parents. Andrew could hear the adult Walls talking in quiet voices; they had not closed the kitchen door. ‘We need to leave now,’ Tessa was saying. ‘He’s got a moral obligation and he’s going.’ ‘He’s had enough punishment,’ said Cubby’s voice. ‘I’m not asking him to go as a – ‘ ‘Aren’t you?’ said Cubby sharply. ‘For God’s sake, Tessa. D’you think they’ll want him there? You go. Stu can stay here with me.’ A minute later Tessa emerged from the kitchen, closing the door firmly behind her. ‘Stu isn’t coming, Andy,’ she said, and he could tell that she was furious about it. ‘I’m sorry about that.’ How to cite Part Seven Chapter 1, Essay examples

Electoral College Vs Popular Vote Essay Research free essay sample

Electoral College Vs. Popular Vote. Essay, Research Paper Electoral College Vs. Popular Vote. When given this assignment I had no hint what subject I might take. I waited and waited until the recent elections blew up in my face. This past election was a learning experience for me because I merely turned 18. This was the first twelvemonth I could of all time vote and a eldritch election like this occurred. I noticed how many people were really really disturbed with how Gore won the popular ballot but will most probably lose the election merely because he couldn # 8217 ; t win adequate electoral ballots in one province. The Electoral College was designed in 1787 at the Constitutional Convention. A assortment of thoughts were originally brought to attending. Two important and extremely regarded options were a ) Congress selects the President and B ) the popular ballot. Both thoughts were disregarded. Having Congress elect the President would give the legislative assembly complete control over him ( 6: 159-162 ) . The thought of the people and merely the people voting for the President was eliminated because the establishing male parents of the U.S. Government felt that normal people would non be able to vote for the best President in an intelligent mode. Despite the fact that many of the original convention members thought that the popular ballot would be the best option, there were still excessively many that opposed the thought ( Glennon 7 ) . George Mason, a former political officer in the 1800 # 8217 ; s, states that a it would be # 8220 ; as unnatural to mention the pick of a proper character for main Magistrate to the people, as it would, to mention a test of colorss to a blind adult male # 8221 ; ( qtd. In Glennon 7 ) . I became really interested about the whole system of the college and thought that I could show an statement about how it # 8217 ; s truly out-of-date and could utilize a large alteration. And so the Electoral College is created. It is made up of voters from all of the provinces in the state. The voters from each province are what we the people really vote for in the November elections ( # 8220 ; Electoral College # 8221 ; ) . Each province can hold no less than 3 voters. This is because they get an voter for every chair they fill in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. Because all provinces have two Senate members and at least one House member, we see why. All together, including all of our state # 8217 ; s provinces we have an Electoral College consisting of 538 members. In order for a campaigner to really go the President he must obtain at least 270 electoral ballots, giving him the bulk plus one ( Glennon 19 ) . Because we use the Electoral College, it has come to happen on legion occasions that a campaigner with a higher per centum of the popular ballot is defeated by his political opposition by the electoral run ( Glennon 19 ) , therefore get the better ofing the intent of a Democracy. A Democracy exists if we the people have # 8220 ; the right to self- governance. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; American # 8216 ; democracy # 8217 ; has existed for over 200 old ages, and citizens are ready, as they have been for decennaries, if non centuries, to eventually command their ain state # 8221 ; ( # 8220 ; Electoral College Problems # 8221 ; ) . Therefore the usage of the Electoral College is wholly useless and should be abandoned to the thought of the popular ballot. If non wholly thrown out, so altered by an amendment. Under the signifier of the present college, it is noticeable that about all of the 3rd party campaigners are non even glanced at. Most people don # 8217 ; t even know their names or what party they come from. Many people still find no job with the ways of the college. Enthusiasts of the College point out that it has no budget what so of all time, and truly has no manner to # 8220 ; support itself. # 8221 ; Many besides argue that if the authorities were as efficient we would be much better off. If the Electoral College were non established, campaigners these yearss would most likely skip over the provinces that don # 8217 ; Ts have a important figure of electoral ballots. For illustration, the District of Columbia, which has the lower limit of three ballots. Andrew Spano, a Westchester County executive provinces that # 8220 ; The system forces you to run all over the U.S. as you try to roll up electoral ballots # 8230 ; It fits with the diverseness of our state # 8221 ; ( Yanc ey ) . The Federal System is supposed to hold the power. The people are non the Federal system, the provinces are the Federal system. Anti-electoral citizens believe that they should hold control of who becomes the president. They point out that under the present Electoral College mentality, every individual in the United States that ballots, is fundamentally blowing their clip. In an article found on the World Wide Web, it states that, in the Presidential election, # 8220 ; single ballots are non even tallied # 8221 ; ( # 8220 ; Electoral College Problems # 8221 ; ) . In regard to the # 8220 ; 3rd # 8221 ; party campaigners, the Electoral College gives them perfectly no opportunity of winning. This comes away because even if a elector likes one of the # 8220 ; 3rd # 8221 ; party campaigners the best, he or she will non vote for them because they think it will be a otiose ballot. This is rather true because if they do vote for the campaigner he will more frequently than non even have one electoral ballot. For illustration, in 1992, Ross Perot, a member of the Reform Party received this really bad luck. Desp ite the fact that he won 12 % of the popular ballot, he failed to obtain a individual electoral ballot ( # 8220 ; Electoral College Problems # 8221 ; ) . This demonstrates the really # 8220 ; faltering block # 8221 ; that the Electoral College has become. It is best summed up with another quotation mark found on the Citizens for True Democracy web site. # 8220 ; The Electoral College is non deserving salvaging # 8221 ; ( # 8220 ; Electoral College Problems # 8221 ; ) . The disadvantages of the Electoral system are obvious. On top of the above listed jobs found with the system at that place comes another. As stated B efore, many people won’t even vote for their favourite campaigner sometimes if he/ she may be in a â€Å"third† party. Many times, these parties fail to happen in provinces that, more frequently than non, are controlled by one specific party. Whether a province has three ballots or 33 ballots, its electoral electors are merely supposed to vote for the campaigner they have been pledged to ( 6: 159 -162 ) . This means, in the 2000 election for illustration, that if an electoral elector from Florida wants Gore to win he has to vote for Bush anyhow. He has made a promise that he will vote for Bush and merely Bush. Despite this promise, many of the electors still may vote for the individual they feel will suit the place best. It doesn’t go on excessively frequently ( â€Å"Electoral College† ) . But if it does you can non state who has done it because ballots are cast on nameless ballots ( Longely 103 ) . In many of our states past elections, the Electoral College has demonstrated its capacity to give the win to the existent also-ran. For illustration, in 1888 Grover Cleveland was the victor of the popular ballot by merely about 100,000 ballots. His opposition Benjamin Harrison won the election because of his win in the electoral ballots. This besides happened in 1876 when Rutherford B. Hayes stole the election from Samuel J. Tilden ( 6: 159 -162 ) . These illustrations demonstrate why the Electoral College should be either eliminated or at least controlled. Because of these failures of the Electoral College, legion options have been thought through to forestall farther complications. Since the Electoral College is in the Constitution, it would take an amendment to make any alteration what so of all time. If we could alter to a direct popular ballot, many 3rd parties may emerge into the running ( # 8220 ; Electoral College # 8221 ; ) . Ideas that have been introduced have been seeking to work since when it was foremost created. If the Electoral College were to be wholly demolished the construct of direct election would be the best manner to travel. Under this signifier, all citizens who are eligible would vote for the campaigner they feel best fits the place. If we have sixty million people that can vote in the United States a campaigner would necessitate thirty million plus one to win ( Glennon 19 ) . Under this option, the ca mpaigner that the bulk of the people want as president will really go the President. The other will non somehow weasel his manner out of it. In two provinces, the Electoral College has already had its entire power limited. Maine and Nebraska have their ain small program. The thought of popular ballot is used in these two provinces. In Maine there are four electoral ballots. Three belong to the major statewide popular ballot victor and the other goes to the campaigner who wins the second congressional territory. In both countries, whoever wins the popular ballot gets some of the electoral ballots ( Curry ) . We have been talking about altering it for old ages and eventually it # 8217 ; s such a large issue. It was really interesting how this happened merely as I was old plenty to vote. I know that if I were still non old plenty I wouldn # 8217 ; t care as much. I would be really caught up in the whole state of affairs but would non mind. Now that I have voted I feel that I am still excluded along with everyone else in the state that casts their ballot. It reminds me of how undistinguished I am in the procedure. Because of this I agree with those who want a alteration. In my sentiment I feel that holding the Electoral College is bad, but non what is keeping us down the most. The winner-takes-all map is a major job. If we can somehow acquire that to fall apart our elections will work much better. The # 8220 ; Electoral College # 8221 ; under its present signifier has got to travel. If a campaigner wins the popular ballot he should finally be declared the people # 8217 ; s favourite an d hence should non hold to cover with being voted out by a cockamamie electoral ballot. If we can somehow compromise the state of affairs I think that our state will profit the greatest. Let # 8217 ; s say for illustration that if a campaigner wins 65 % of the ballots in a given province, he will besides have 65 % of the electoral ballots. This manner, holding no winner-takes-all system, the campaigner who wins the popular ballot will win the electoral ballot besides. So we won # 8217 ; Ts have to cover with all of the past jobs that we as a state have had. # 8220 ; Electoral College Problems. # 8221 ; Citizens for True Democracy 1998-2000 # 8220 ; Your Vote Does Not Count! You Can Thank the Electoral College. # 8221 ; Citizens for True Democracy.1998-2000 Curry, Tom. # 8220 ; Making Sense of the Electoral College: How the indirect, intricate system works. # 8221 ; MSNBC. Enrich, David. # 8220 ; 2000 Presidential Campaign Showcases Electoral College Problems. # 8221 ; Citizens for True Democracy 23 October 2000 Glennon, Michael J. When No Majority Rules: The Electoral College Presidential Sequence. Washington, D.C. : Congressional Quarterly Inc. , 1992. Kesler, Charles R. The Federalist Papers. Ed. Clinton Rossiter. New York: Penguin Inc. , 1961. Longely, Lawrence D. , and Neal R. Peirce. The Electoral College Primer. New Haven: Yale University, 1996. MacBride, Roger L. The American Electoral College. Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1953. Margasak, Larry. # 8220 ; Florida Voters take to Web. # 8221 ; Times Union 10 Nov. 2000: A16 # 8220 ; Electoral College. # 8221 ; Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 2000. 10 Nov. 2000 Wechsler, Alan. # 8220 ; Election Drama a Great Lesson. # 8221 ; Times Union 10 Nov. 2000: A16 # 8220 ; Electoral College. # 8221 ; The World Book Encyclopedia. 1990 erectile dysfunction. Yancey, Roy. # 8220 ; States # 8217 ; Gore Electors Question Electoral College system. # 8221 ; Times Union 10 Nov. 2000: A9